The operation of an EAF is a batch process in which steel scrap, pig iron, a source of iron oxide such as roll scale or iron ore, and limestone or burnt lime are charged into the furnace. The roof is closed over the furnace and electrodes are lowered until arcs are established between them and the metallic charge. The heat generated by the arc and the heat developed from the resistance to the flow of current in the metal melts the charge. When the heat (meaning the metal in the furnace) is finished, the furnace is tilted and poured into a tap ladle through a tap hole or spout in the furnace side wall. After each heat, repairs to the bottom and slag line are made by shoveling in a refractory bottom patching material.

Rolling Service Originally designed as a roving bar cart, this tiered chrome-and-glass table (below) makes the rounds. Use it as an end table, a serving cart, a portable nightstand, or a display surface for favorite objects. Its size (less than 20 inches diameter) makes it a good fit almost anywhere. Star-Studded Casters Home-improvement centers stock wheels (casters) in different styles and sizes. Match the wheel size and type to your furniture and the surface it will be rolling on. Also check labels for the number of pounds casters will support. Hard rubber wheels work best on concrete or ceramic tile floors; soft rubber is good for resilient flooring; metal wheels work almost anywhere; and plastic wheels or spherical ball types are best for carpeting. The larger the wheel, the easier it rolls. Stem casters have a shank that slides into a hole in the base of the furniture. Drill the hole to snugly receive the shank, then pound the wheel in place with a rubber mallet. Make sure the spot you''re drilling is thick enough to receive the shank and won''t crack when the caster is pounded in place. Furniture legs can be reinforced with a metal cap to prevent splitting.

This air chisel is designed for shearing, driving, and numerous automotive applications such as removing mufflers and tailpipe assemblies. The days of using hammer and chisels in a paleontology laboratory are not over, and probably never will be, but some relatively new mechanical preparation tools have made life in the lab a lot easier. Two types of tools, never originally designed to be used on fossils, are rapidly becoming indispensable: pneumatic air scribes and air abrasive cutting tools. Each has a different use with fossil material, but both share a common goal--the removal of hard matrix.

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